The long-term psychological effects of four different types of
childhood maltreatment were examined among 1,072 male and 305 female
soldiers on active duty in the United States Army. The predictor
variables included four subscales from the Childhood Trauma
Questionnaire (CTQ)-(1) physical-emotional abuse, (2) sexual abuse,
(3) emotional neglect, and (4) physical neglect. An additional sexual
abuse variable based on the four screening questions developed by
Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, and Smith (1990) was also
included. Outcome was measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory and a
dissociation scale developed by Briere and Runtz (1988). MANOVAs were
conducted for each outcome measure. Physical-emotional abuse
contributed to most of the effects. However, sexual abuse contributed
additional significant effects to all of the subscales. In general,
males and females showed similar outcomes, but certain gender
differences were noted.